Liquidambar

Liquidambar

The Liquidambar is a genus of trees appropriately named for both liquid and amber. The tree is also known as storax. It is a genus of 5 species also known as American redgum, sapgum, starleaf-gum, or bilsted, American sweet gum, Satin walnut and Copalm balsam. Various species are native to Asia, the Americas and parts of Europe. In North America they are native to plenty lower valley of Mississippi and most of the Eastern part of the United States of America. However, the tree genus is scattered in the whole American continent.

They are identified by their leaves of maple appearance which during autumn take an elegant color depending on the species. The leaves are palmate, lobed and are arranged in a spiral shape along the twigs.

Environment

Loam and alluvial clay soils are best for their growth rate. They need well-drained soil with adequate moisture. They cannot grow well in alkaline terrain but require acidic or neutral soil pH to thrive. Full sun and partial shade sunlight conditions are further requirements.

The tree can grow to a height of over 12 meters with a width spread of more than 8 meters. It could therefore be described as strongly decurrent.

The tree take more than fifty years to reach its mature height. It is deciduous and so shades its leaves depending on the season. To see their true colors one ought to wait for the autumn where there will be a mixture of colors caused by anthocyanin.

They can be easily grown from cuttings. It is advisable to keep them pruned as they tend to get ‘top-heavy’ and snap. They are disease and pest free trees, for the most part.

They contain spiny pods like gum balls that maintain a dark brown outer casing which will later fall during the summer. The flowering season is during Spring, while they fruit in late Autumn.

The fruits can hold up to 56 seeds inside until ripe to release the seeds for dispersion. There are no diseases that commonly affect these trees though rodents, other animals and fire can damage the trees completely.

They grow in temperate climates and can survive harsh conditions. Given open space it can be a pleasant amenity tree.

Economic Importance

The Liquidambar genus produces hardwoods which can be used as lumber, veneer, and plywood for different application in the wood industry. They can be used for fencing and fuel depending on the season and need.

The seeds on the trees can be a source of food for fowls, chipmunks and squirrels in the Americas. In Asia they provide food for native birds and, unfortunately, rodents. They are also used for habitation where breeding may take place for birds and animals.

The varying yellow or red autumn colors of the foliage makes it attractive as an ornamental tree. They also have a traditional medicinal use which utilizes the blue gum to make a remedy for diarrhea and dysentery. The gums have been used in manufacturing industries which for different purpose. However, it’s most important utility to people is probably the leafy shade it provides